آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 50 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,337 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,783 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 12,322,308 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 5,311,877 |
نظریات محتوا؛معناشناسی غائی و معناشناسی عصبی | ||
| نقد و نظر | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 14، شماره 54، تیر 1388، صفحه 86-127 اصل مقاله (348.23 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: تخصصی | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| یاسر پور اسماعیل | ||
| pouresmail@gmail.com | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 20 بهمن 1394، تاریخ پذیرش: 20 بهمن 1394 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آنچه حالات ذهنی دربارۀ آنها هستند «محتوا» نام دارد؛ مسائل فلسفی متعددی دربارۀ محتوا وجود دارد؛ از جمله این‌که آیا محتوا قابل تبیین فیزیکی است یا خیر، و این‌که پیوند میان یک محتوای خاص و یک حالت ذهنی خاص چگونه برقرار می‌شود و به‌عبارت‌دیگر، محتوای خاص یک حالت ذهنی چگونه مشخص می‌شود؟ در این‌جا با اشاره به نظریات اولیه، مانند نظریات علّی، نظریات نقش مفهومی و نظریات دوعنصری، نظریات غایی و عصبی را بررسی می‌کنیم تا ببینیم این نظریات تا چه اندازه در جبران اشکالات نظریه‌های قبلی مؤفق‌اند. نظریه‌های غایی برآنند که حالت‌های ذهنی به‌وسیلۀ کارکردهای غایی مشخص می‌شوند و نظریه‌های عصبی برآنند که حالات ذهنی به‌وسیلۀ حالات عصبی نورون‌ها، تعیّن می‌یابند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| محتوا؛ نظریات علّی؛ نقش مفهومی؛ معناشناسی غائی؛ معناشناسی عصبی؛ کارکرد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Theories of Content: Teleosemantics and Neurosemantics | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Yasser Pouresmail | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| “Contents” are what mental states are about. There are many philosophical issues about contents, e.g., the problem of whether mental contents are explainable in physical terms or not, and the problem of how particular contents are associated with particular mental states, or in other words, how a particular content of a mental state is determined. I will introduce teleological and neurological theories of content after briefly introducing causal, conceptual-role, and double-factor theories in order to see how successful teleosemantics and neurosemantics are in comparison with those theories. Teleosemantics is the view that mental states are determined with teleological functions and neurosemantics is the view that mental states are determined with neuronal states. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| content, causal theories, conceptual role, teleolosemantics, neurosemantics, function | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
1. صدرالمتألهین،(1981)، الحکمة المتعالیة فی الأسفار الاربعة العقلیة، بیروت، دار إحیاء التراث العربی، طبع دوم. 2. Agar, N.,)1993( “What do Frogs Really Believe?” Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 71: 1 ـ 12. 3. Bedau, M.,)1991( “Can Biological Teleology be Naturalized?” Journal of Philosophy, 88: 647 ـ 55. 4. Block, N.,)1986) “Advertisement for a Semantics for psychology,” Midwest Studies in Philosophy, P. French, T. Uehling and H. Wettstein (eds.), Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, X: 615 ـ 678. 5. Boorse, C.,)1976( “Wright on Functions,” The Philosophical Review, 85: 70-86. 6. Brentano, F., )1874( Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint, Routledge & Kegan Paul. 7. Bridges, )2006( “Teleofunctionalism and Psychological Explanation,” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 87(4): 403 ـ 421. 8. Churchland, P. M., )1989(, A Neurocomputational Perspective: The Nature of Mind and the Structure of Science, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. 9. Churchland, P. S.,)1986(,Neurophilosophy: Towards a Unified Understanding of the Mind ـ Brain, Cambridge: MIT Press. 10. Cummins, R., )1975( “Functional Analysis,” Journal of Philosophy, 72: 11. __________, )1989( Meaning and Mental Representation, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press. 12. Davidson, D., )1987( “Knowing one's own mind,” Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 60 :441 ـ 458. 13. Dretske, F.,)1981( Knowledge and the Flow of Information, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press. 14. __________,)1986( “Misrepresentation”, Radu Bogdan (ed), Belief: Form, Content and Function, New York: Oxford: 17 ـ 36. 15. __________,)1988( Explaining Behavior, Cambridge, MA: Bradford, MIT. 16. __________,)1995( Naturalizing the Mind, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press. 17. Eliasmith, C.,)2000( How Neurons Mean: A Neurocomputational Theory of Representational Content, Unpublished Dissertation, Department of Philosophy: Washington University in St. Louis. 18. Field, H.,)1977( “Logic, Meaning, and Conceptual Role,” Journal of Philosophy 74: 379 ـ 409. 19. Fodor, J.,)1990( A Theory of Content and Other Essays, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press. 20. __________, )1996( “Deconstructing Dennett’s Darwin”, Mind and Language 11: 246 ـ 262. 21. __________,)1998( Concepts: Where Cognitive Science Went Wrong, New York, Oxford University Press. 22. Fodor, J. and E. Lepore )1992( Holism: A Shopper’s Guide, Oxford, UK, Basil Blackwell. 23. Hall, R.,)1990( "Does Representational Content Arise from Biological Function?" Philosophy of Science Association, 1: 193 ـ 199. 24. Kripke, S.)1980( Naming and Necessity, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 25. Lepore, E.,)1994( “Conceptual Role Semantics,” A Companion to the Philosophy of Mind, S. Guttenplan, Oxford, UK, Basil Blackwell. 26. Masrour, F., Forthcoming, “Is Perceptual Phenomenology Thin?” presented at AAP 2007. 27. Millikan, R., ) 1984( Language, Thought and Other Biological Categories, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 28. __________,)1989( “Biosemantics,” Journal of Philosophy, 86: 281 ـ 97. 29. __________,)1991( “Speaking Up for Darwin,” Loewer, B. & Rey, G. (eds.), Meaning in Mind: Fodor and his Critics, Cambridge, MA: Blackwell: 151 ـ 165. 30. __________,)1996( “On Swampkinds,” Mind and Language, 11.1: 70 ـ 130. 31. __________,)2000( On Clear and Confused Ideas: An Essay about Substance Concepts, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 32. Neander, K.,)1991( “Functions as Selected Effects,” Philosophy of Science, 58: 168 ـ 184. 33. __________,)1995( “Malfunctioning and Misrepresenting,” Philosophical Studies, 79: 109 ـ 141. 34. __________,)1996( “Swampman Meets Swampcow,” Mind and Language, 11.1: 70 ـ 130. 35. __________,)2004( “Teleological Theories of Mental Content,” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), 36. Papineau, D.,)1984("Representation and Explanation", Philosophy of Science, 51: 550 ـ 72. 37. __________, )1990( "Truth and Teleology," D. Knowles (ed) Explanation and its Limits, Cambridge University Press: 21 ـ 44. 38. __________ )1993( Philosophical Naturalism, Blackwell, Oxford. 39. Peacocke, C.,)1992( A Study of Concepts, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 40. Putnam, H.,)1975( “The meaning of ‘meaning’,” Mind, Language, and Reality, Cambridge University Press: 215 ـ 71. 41. Ryder, D.,)2002( Neurosemantics: a Theory, Unpublished Dissertation, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, Department of Philosophy. 42. __________,)2004( “SINBAD Neurosemantics: A Theory of Mental Representation,” Mind & Language, 19(2): 211 ـ 240. 43. Sober, E.,)1985( “Panglossian Functionalism and the Philosophy of Mind,” Synthese 64,)1985(: 165 ـ 193. 44. Wright, L.,)1976( Teleological Explanation, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 45. Usher, M.,)2004( “Comments on Dan Ryder’s SINBAD Neurosemantics: Is Teleofunction Isomorphism the Way to Understand Representations?” Mind & Language, 19(2): 241 ـ 248.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,352 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 688 |
||