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عقلانیت کُنشِ اجتماعی، از منظر حکمت اسلامی در مواجهه با سنت وِبِری | ||
| اسلام و مطالعات اجتماعی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 7، شماره 1 (پیاپی 25)، تیر 1398، صفحه 7-28 اصل مقاله (576.06 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی ـ پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22081/jiss.2019.67391 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| نصرا... آقاجانی1؛ اصغر اسلامی تنها2؛ منصور محمدی* 3 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه باقرالعلوم (ع) | ||
| 2استادیار گروه علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه باقرالعلوم(ع) | ||
| 3دانشجوی دکتری رشته فلسفه علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه باقرالعلوم(ع) | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 22 آبان 1397، تاریخ بازنگری: 21 مهر 1398، تاریخ پذیرش: 19 اسفند 1397 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| عقلانیت و کنش، واژه‌هایی هستند که از حیث انتزاعی، به‌معنای برخاستگی از عقل و اراده‌اند، اما از حیث انضمامی، مبتنی بر چگونگی نگاه به ماهیت و قوای إدراکی و حرکتیِ انسان، معنای خاص خود را پیدا می‌کنند. بر همین اساس، در تحلیل وِبِر، عقل و کُنش، به روش و عمل برآمده از عقل عملی خودبنیاد و عقلانیت کُنش اجتماعی، نیز به داشتن محاسبه ریاضی‌وار برای دست‌یابی به اهداف زندگی، تقلیل و جامعه غربی، جامعه‌ای عقلانی و در عین‌حال، مبتلا به بحران معنویت دانسته شده است. اما حکمای اسلامی، مبتنی بر نگاه خود، به ماهیت و قوای انسان، عقل را به‌معنای ظرفیت ادراک معانی؛ و کُنش را نیز منبعث از إراده برخاسته از قوه شوقیه متاثر از قوا وگرایشات نفوس سافل و عالی انسان می‌دانند؛ بنابراین، عقلانیت کُنش اجتماعی را به‌معنای مبتنی‌کردن کُنش‌های اجتماعی، بر ظرفیت ادراک معانی مجرد، در مراتب و مصادیق مختلف آن، تعریف و رعایت روش و محاسبه منطقی در کُنشِ اجتماعی را تنها یکی از معیارهای عقلانی‌بودن در نظر می‌گیرند و از این حیث، جامعه را نیز دچار بحران معنویت نمی‌کنند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| عقلانیت؛ کُنش اجتماعی؛ ماکس وِبِر؛ حکمت اسلامی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Rationality of Social Action, from the Perspective of Islamic Wisdom in the Face of the Weberian Tradition | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Nasrollah aqajani1؛ asghar islamitanha2؛ Mansur Mohammadi3 | ||
| 1Assistant professor, department of social sciences, Baqir al-Olum University | ||
| 2Assistant professor, department of social sciences, Baqir al-Olum University | ||
| 3PhD student in philosophy of social sciences, Baqir al-Olum University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Rationality is one of the struggling issues for thinkers of social sciences. Among them, Max Weber has formulated the rationality of social action based on a particular concept of reason and action, and has considered modern societies as rational, which is incompatible with the view of Islamic scholars. Accordingly, the rationality of social action, from viewpoint of Islamic wisdom, has been examined and explained through using an analytic-comparative approach to the Weberian tradition. Rationality and action are the terms that, in the abstract sense, they mean "derived from reason and will", but in concrete sense, they have their own special meanings based on how they view the nature and cognitive faculty and motive power of human. Accordingly, in Webber's analysis, reason and action have been considered the method and practice derived from the autonomous practical wisdom and the rationality of social action, as well as having a mathematical calculation to achieve the aims of life, reductionism, and Western society, a rational society, and at the same time suffering from the crisis of spirituality. However, Islamic scholars, based on their view of human nature and power, regard "reason" as the capacity for the understanding of meanings, and "action" as the result of the will arising from the stimulative power influenced by the powers and dispositions of high and wicked human's selves. Therefore, they define the rationality of social action, as social actions based on the capacity of perceiving abstract meanings, and in its various contexts and examples, they consider the definition and observance of the method as well as rational calculation in social action as only one of the criteria for being rational, and in this respect, they don't let the society suffer from a crisis of spirituality. Rationality is one of the struggling issues for thinkers of social sciences. Among them, Max Weber has formulated the rationality of social action based on a particular concept of reason and action, and has considered modern societies as rational, which is incompatible with the view of Islamic scholars. Accordingly, the rationality of social action, from viewpoint of Islamic wisdom, has been examined and explained through using an analytic-comparative approach to the Weberian tradition. Rationality and action are the terms that, in the abstract sense, they mean "derived from reason and will", but in concrete sense, they have their own special meanings based on how they view the nature and cognitive faculty and motive power of human. Accordingly, in Webber's analysis, reason and action have been considered the method and practice derived from the autonomous practical wisdom and the rationality of social action, as well as having a mathematical calculation to achieve the aims of life, reductionism, and Western society, a rational society, and at the same time suffering from the crisis of spirituality. However, Islamic scholars, based on their view of human nature and power, regard "reason" as the capacity for the understanding of meanings, and "action" as the result of the will arising from the stimulative power influenced by the powers and dispositions of high and wicked human's selves. Therefore, they define the rationality of social action, as social actions based on the capacity of perceiving abstract meanings, and in its various contexts and examples, they consider the definition and observance of the method as well as rational calculation in social action as only one of the criteria for being rational, and in this respect, they don't let the society suffer from a crisis of spirituality. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Rationality, social action, Max weber, Islamic wisdom | ||
| مراجع | ||
34.Auguste Comte (1875), System of Positive Polity, Fiest Volume. London Longmans, Geeen, and Co. 35.Foley, R. (1988), “Some Different Conceptions of Rationality” in McMillin (ed), Constraction and Constraint, University of Notre Dame Press. 36.Russell, B. (1956), Human Society in Ethics and Politics, Allen and Unwin. 37.Weber, M. (1968), Basic Sociological Terms. Economy and Society, G. Roth and C. Wittich. Berkeley, University of California Press. 3-62. 38.Webster,Merriam (1966), Webster's Third NewInternational Dictionary of the English Language Unabrridge, Chicago: Encydopedia Britanica. | ||
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