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“The Human Being in the Philosophy of Suhrawardi” | ||
| Theosophia Islamica | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 3، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 5، خرداد 2023، صفحه 7-30 اصل مقاله (307 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22081/jti.2025.71724.1069 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Arash Rajabi* 1؛ Seyedeh Masoumeh Tabatabaei2 | ||
| 1PhD in Theoretical Foundations of Islam, University of Islamic Knowledge, Qom, Iran (Corresponding Author). | ||
| 2PhD in Islamic Theology, University of Qom, Qom, Iran. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 09 اردیبهشت 1404، تاریخ بازنگری: 28 خرداد 1404، تاریخ پذیرش: 17 اردیبهشت 1404 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Understanding human being is a fundamental quest and a core concern of human thought, with many sciences and branches of knowledge relying on diligent inquiry and research into its various dimensions. This study with an analytical-contemplative approach examines the nature of humanity from the perspective of Sheikh Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi, the founder of The Philosophy of Illumination (Hikmat al-Ishraq). Suhrawardi, through a synthesis of philosophical, mystical, and revelatory traditions, considers human being as a luminous being. their soul (nafs), conceptualized as the "Esfahbadi Light," is an immaterial substance that is creation in time (hadith), not eternal. This luminous soul, originating from the Highest Divine Realm, connects with the body in a managing (tadbirī), rather than imprinting, manner and it acts as a manager that controls the body. Drawing upon his system of light, Suhrawardi explains the relationship between the soul and the body not as a union or indwelling, but as an "affectionate attraction (ʿalāqa shāwqi)," akin to a magnet's pull on iron. He substantiates origination of the Soul through four arguments and robustly affirms its immateriality (tajarrud) using three key proofs: the changeability of bodily organs, the indication of "I-ness" (anāniyya), and the impossibility of substantial decomposition. In Suhrawardi's philosophical system, the perfection of the soul hinges on human being 's luminous journey through asceticism, detachment, and intellectual illuminations. This process allows the soul to ascend through the stages of material intellect (ʿaql hayūlānī), intellect in possession (bi'l-malaka), actual intellect (bi'l-fiʿl), and acquired intellect (mustafād). Death is not annihilation but rather the shedding of the Esfahbadi Light from the darkness of the body and a return to the true "East" (the world of Dominant Lights). This perspective, by emphasizing the survival of the souls of the righteous and wise after death, establishes an unbreakable link between epistemology, the metaphysics of light, and practical spiritual discipline within The Philosophy of Illumination. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Esfahbadi Light؛ Immateriality of the Soul؛ Origination of the Soul؛ The philosophy of illumination؛ Luminous Perfection. | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| انسان در فلسفه شیخ اشراق | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| آرش رجبی1؛ سیده معصومه طباطبایی2 | ||
| 1دکتری مبانی نظری اسلام، دانشگاه معارف اسلامی، قم، ایران (نویسنده مسئول). | ||
| 2دکتری کلام اسلامی، دانشگاه قم، قم. ایران. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This study examines Suhrawardi's conception of man as a luminous being whose soul ("Asfahbadi Light") is an immaterial, created substance that governs the body through strategic connection rather than union. Suhrawardi demonstrates the soul's created nature through four proofs and its immateriality through three key arguments: bodily transformation, self-awareness ("I"), and essential indivisibility. The soul's perfection occurs through intellectual ascension from "potential intellect" to "acquired intellect" via spiritual discipline and illuminative knowledge. Death represents not annihilation but the soul's liberation from bodily constraints and return to its luminous origin in the "Orient of Lights." Suhrawardi's system uniquely integrates rational philosophy, mystical insight, and revelatory wisdom in its anthropology. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| نور اسفهبدی, تجرد نفس, حدوث نفس, حکمت اشراق, استکمال نوری | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Ibrahimi Dinani, Gholamhossein. (2009). (The Ray of Thought and Intuition in Suhrawardi's Philosophy). Tehran: Hekmat. Suhrawardi, Shihab al-Din. (2001). (The Collected Works of Sheikh Ishraq) (Vol. 1 & 2). Edited by Henry Corbin. Tehran: Institute for Cultural Studies and Research. Suhrawardi, Shihab al-Din. (2009). (The Collected Works of Sheikh Ishraq) (Vol. 3). Edited by Henry Corbin and Sayyid Hossein Nasr. Tehran: Institute for Cultural Studies and Research. Suhrawardi, Shihab al-Din. (2001). (The Collected Works of Sheikh Ishraq) (Vol. 4). Edited by Najaf Qoli Habibi. Tehran: Institute for Cultural Studies and Research. Shahrazuri, Shams al-Din. (2004). (Treatises on the Divine Tree in the Sciences of Divine Realities). Edited and researched by Najaf Qoli Habibi. Tehran: Iranian Institute of Philosophy. Shahrazuri, Shams al-Din. (1993). (Commentary on The philosophy of illumination). Researched by Hossein Zia'i Turbati. Tehran: Institute for Cultural Studies and Research. Shirazi, Qutb al-Din. (2004). (Commentary on The philosophy of illumination). Compiled by Abdullah Nourani and Mahdi Mohaghegh. Tehran: Society for the Appreciation of Cultural Works and Dignitaries. Yazdanpanah, Sayyid Yadullah; Alipour, Mahdi. (2010). (The Philosophy of Illumination: Report, Commentary, and Assessment of the Philosophical System of Sheikh Shihab al-Din Suhrawardi). Qom: Research Institute of Hawzah and University & SAMT Publications. | ||
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