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احیای نظام ارتباطات اجتماعی؛ رکن تقویت مردمسالاری دینی | ||
| علوم سیاسی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 12 شهریور 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22081/psq.2026.74967.3135 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| احمد اولیایی* | ||
| عضو هیأت علمی پژوهشگاه علوم و فرهنگ اسلامی | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 14 خرداد 1405، تاریخ بازنگری: 26 تیر 1405، تاریخ پذیرش: 12 شهریور 1405 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مردمسالاری دینی بهعنوان نظریهای بنیادین در نظام جمهوری اسلامی ایران، تأکید ویژهای بر نقش مردم دارد. در این نظریه، صرف حضور فردی مردم کافی نیست، بلکه آنچه اهمیت دارد «هویت جمعی» است. به عبارتی مردم به معنای واقعی مردم و با تأکید بر هویت جمعی می توانند مردم سالاری دینی را محقق کنند. به نظر می رسد هویت جمعی مبتنی بر یک نظام ارتباطات زنده و پویا می تواند ایجاد شود اما اکنون با وضعیت مطلوبی در ارتباطات اجتماعی روبرو نیستیم. به عبارت دیگر رابطه نظام ارتباطات اجتماعی و جمعی کردن هویت مردم نقطه ثقل تحقیق است. مسأله مقاله از آنجا آغاز می شود که چگونه می شود از ظرفیت مردم با معنای جمعی اش برای نظام و دولت سازی بهره برد بدون آن که ارتباطات اجتماعی آن ها دچار افول شده باشد. کاهش کیفیت ارتباطات اجتماعی ناشی از مدرنیته، صنعتی شدن و سیطره فضای مجازی، انسان ایرانی را در فردیت خود فرو برده در همان لحظه ای که در شبکه های اجتماعی ارتباطات گسترده زیادی دارد. تفاوت ارتباطات در دنیای مدرن و جوامع سنتی برای این تحقیق بسیار مهم است. این مقاله با رویکردی ارتباطاتی و با بهرهگیری از نظریه فردیناند تونیس و با تأکید بر نظام ارتباطی، اهمیت احیای نظام ارتباطی را به عنوان رکن مردم سالاری دینی ضروی می داند. بر اساس یافتههای این پژوهش که به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام شده است، ارتباطات اجتماعی در ایران معاصر دچار تحولی از الگوی «اجتماع» (اراده ارگانیک و طبیعی) به سوی «جامعه» (اراده عقلانی و خودکامه) شده است. جامعه مدرن که ارتباطات آن بر اساس منفعت و کم عمق باشد، نمی تواند پیام مشترک تولید کند و حال آنکه مردم سالاری دینی مشارکت را به مثابه یک تولید پیام مشترک نیاز دارد. راهکار پیشنهادی این مقاله، احیای ارتباطات اجتماعی از طریق گذار از رویکرد انتقالی به رویکرد آیینی در ارتباطات و نیز توجه به مفهوم دولتسازی مبتنی بر فاعلیت مردم است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| مردمسالاری دینی؛ ارتباطات اجتماعی؛ فردیناند تونیس؛ اجتماع؛ جامعه؛ رویکرد آیینی؛ دولت سازی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Revitalizing the Social Communication System: A Key Pillar for Strengthening Religious Democracy | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ahmad Olyaei | ||
| Member of the scientific faculty of the Islamic Science and Culture Research Institute | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Religious democracy, as a foundational theory in the political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, accords a particularly significant role to the people. Unlike purely secular or individualistic models of democracy, this theory does not consider the mere physical or individual presence of citizens as sufficient for the realisation of a democratic religious polity. Rather, the key element that truly matters is what can be termed "collective identity." In other words, it is only when people act as genuine members of a collective – with a shared sense of belonging, mutual recognition, and common values – that religious democracy can be properly achieved. This emphasis on collective identity distinguishes religious democracy from liberal individualism, as the latter tends to prioritise personal interests and rights over communal bonds. It seems that collective identity can only be established on the basis of a living, dynamic, and participatory system of communication. Such a communication system would facilitate ongoing interaction, mutual understanding, and the formation of shared meanings among members of society. However, at present, we do not face a favourable situation in social communications. On the contrary, social interactions in contemporary Iran suffer from a range of problems that hinder the formation of collective identity. Therefore, the relationship between the social communication system and the process of collectivising people's identity constitutes the central focus of this research. The core problem addressed by this article begins with the following question: how can the capacity of the people – understood in their collective sense – be harnessed for the purposes of state-building and governance, without their social communications having already declined or continuing to decline? This question is not merely theoretical; it has practical implications for the stability and legitimacy of a religious democratic system. The decline in the quality of social communications is caused by three major interrelated factors: modernity, industrialisation, and the dominance of cyberspace. These forces have immersed the Iranian individual in a state of isolated individuality, even at the very moment when he or she appears to have extensive and numerous connections on social media networks. In other words, the quantity of online interactions has increased, but their quality – in terms of depth, trust, and shared meaning – has diminished. For this research, the difference between communication patterns in the modern world and those in traditional societies is of great importance. Traditional societies often relied on face‑to‑face interactions, long‑term relationships, and shared rituals, all of which fostered a strong sense of community. Modern societies, by contrast, tend to promote transient, interest‑based, and superficial exchanges. This contrast is not merely historical; it is analytically crucial for understanding the challenges facing religious democracy in Iran today. This article adopts a communication‑oriented approach and draws on the theory of Ferdinand Tönnies, with a particular emphasis on his distinction between Gemeinschaft (community) and Gesellschaft (society). Tönnies argued that in Gemeinschaft, social bonds are based on organic and natural will – that is, on affection, tradition, and mutual belonging. In Gesellschaft, by contrast, relationships are grounded in rational and self‑interested will – that is, on calculation, contract, and individual advantage. By utilising this theoretical framework, the article demonstrates the necessity of reviving a genuinely communicative system as an indispensable pillar of religious democracy. Without such a revival, religious democracy risks becoming an empty slogan rather than a lived reality. According to the findings of this research, which was conducted using a descriptive‑analytical method, social communications in contemporary Iran have undergone a clear transformation. The pattern of interaction has shifted from that of Gemeinschaft (organic and natural will) towards Gesellschaft (rational and self‑interested will). In other words, Iranian society is increasingly moving away from deep, meaningful, and communal forms of interaction and towards shallow, instrumental, and individualistic exchanges. A modern society whose communications are based solely on profit, efficiency, and shallow engagement cannot generate a shared message. It lacks the common symbols, narratives, and trust that are necessary for collective identity. Yet religious democracy, by its very nature, requires participation precisely as a process of producing a shared message. Participation in religious democracy is not merely about voting or expressing an opinion; it is about co‑creating the meaning and direction of the polity through ongoing dialogue and mutual commitment. The solution proposed by this article is twofold. First, it calls for the revival of social communications through a shift away from the transmission approach to communication and towards the ritual approach. The transmission approach treats communication merely as the sending and receiving of information, whereas the ritual approach emphasises the symbolic, communal, and identity‑forming aspects of communication. Second, the article highlights the concept of state‑building based on the agency of the people. This means that instead of viewing citizens as passive recipients of state policies, they should be recognized as active agents who collectively shape the state through their communicative practices. Only by implementing these two solutions – embracing the ritual model of communication and grounding state‑building in popular agency – can religious democracy be strengthened and its social communication system revived. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Religious democracy, Social communication, Ferdinand Tönnies, Community, Society .Ritual approach, State-building | ||
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