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Mardān-Farrōx Ohrmazddād and the Problem of the Two Principles of Creation | ||
| Theosophia Islamica | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 12 مهر 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22081/jti.2026.76026.1163 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Maryam Tayefe ghashghaei1؛ Ali shahidi* 2 | ||
| 1Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences-University of Tehran | ||
| 2Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences-University of Tehran-Iran | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 21 شهریور 1405، تاریخ بازنگری: 12 مهر 1405، تاریخ پذیرش: 12 مهر 1405 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Employing an analytical-comparative method, through a comparison of the concept of the two principles in Chapter Sixteen of the *Škand Gumānīg Wizār* with texts, including the *Bundahišn* and translation of the *Dēnkard*, this article demonstrates that Mardān-Farrōx’s theory represents an attempt to rationalize Mazdean theology and doctrines and to bring them into closer alignment with philosophical traditions of his time. The study examines the arguments by Mardān-Farrōx in the *Škand Gumānīg Wizār* against the infinity of the two principles of good and evil—arguments that are not based on Zoroastrian doctrines, but are articulated in parallel with foundations in Islamic theology (kalām). His argument is grounded in the claim that the two principles of Good and Evil (Ahura Mazdā and Ahriman / Spenta Mainyu and Angra Mainyu), insofar as each falls within the domain of knowledge and cognition, must possess a limit (*wimand*), that is, be finite and defined; whereas that which is infinite cannot be an object of knowledge or cognition. This principle accords with Neoplatonic discussions concerning the simplicity of the First Principle, as well as with the views of Muslim theologians—particularly with respect to the distinction between the Necessary and the Possible, and the limitation of the scope of power with regard to impossibilities. Within this framework, by denying the infinity of both principles, Mardān-Farrōx seeks to transform dualism from a mythologically grounded and philosophically incoherent position into a rational, coherent, and defensible system within the religious debates of the Sasanian period, which were influenced by Neoplatonic philosophy. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Finitude and infinity؛ Škand Gumānīg Wizār؛ Mardān-Farrōx؛ Manichaeism؛ Bundahišn؛ Dēnkard | ||
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