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از تئوکراسی تا تئوپلیتیک: واکاوی الگوی حکمرانی اسلامی اردوغان در ترکیه | ||
| مطالعات حکمرانی اسلامی | ||
| دوره 2، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 4، مهر 1405، صفحه 380-353 اصل مقاله (3.04 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22081/jislamicgo.2026.75337.1083 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| اسماعیل بنی آدم* 1؛ مالک ذوالقدر2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکده علوم سیاسی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران | ||
| 2گروه روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکده علوم سیاسی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 15 تیر 1405، تاریخ بازنگری: 30 شهریور 1405، تاریخ پذیرش: 13 مهر 1405 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پژوهش حاضر نسبت میان گفتمان حکمرانی اسلامی معاصر و مفهوم «تئوکراسی» را در چارچوب «تئوپلیتیک» و در بستر ترکیه معاصر تحت رهبری رجب طیب اردوغان بررسی می‌کند در ادبیات کلاسیک، تئوکراسی نظامی است که اقتدار سیاسی بر مبانی فقهی و مرجعیت روحانیان تکیه دارد؛ اما در بسیاری از جوامع مسلمان امروز، نمادها و زبان دینی در چارچوب‌های سکولار یا نیمه‌سکولار به‌کار می‌روند، بی‌آن‌که نظامی تئوکراتیک شکل گیرد. این وضعیت پرسش‌هایی درباره نقش دین در سیاست و نحوه ادغام آن در سازوکارهای انتخاباتی و قانونی جمهوری ترکیه ایجاد می‌کند. هدف پژوهش، تحلیل گفتمان سیاسی و شیوه‌های حکمرانی اردوغان و بررسی نحوه بهره‌گیری او از عناصر تئوپلیتیک همچون نمادپردازی دینی، روایت‌های هویت اسلامی و ارجاع به تاریخ عثمانی- اسلامی در چارچوب جمهوری و قانون اساسی سکولار ترکیه است. این مطالعه با روش تحلیل کیفی سیاسی و تحلیل گفتمان، مجموعه‌ای از سخنرانی‌ها، سیاست‌ها، اصلاحات نهادی و نمادهای سیاسی دولت اردوغان را بررسی می‌کند تا روشن سازد عناصر دینی چگونه در ساختار سکولار کشور ادغام یا بازتفسیر می‌شوند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که در دولت اردوغان، نمادهای دینی بیش از آن‌که مبنای تئوکراسی باشند، کارکرد مقبولیت‌بخشی سیاسی، انسجام فرهنگی و تقویت هویت ملی دارند. ترکیب سکولاریسم قانونی جمهوری ترکیه با ارجاعات هدفمند اسلامی الگویی هیبریدی از حکمرانی پدید آورده است. این الگو که می‌توان آن را «تئوپلیتیک دولتی مدیریت‌شده» نامید؛ مدلی که در آن نمادهای دینی به‌گونه‌ای کنترل‌شده در ساختار سکولار قانون اساسی ترکیه گنجانده می‌شوند. این چارچوب تحلیلی قابلیت تعمیم به الگوهای مشابه در دیگر جوامع مسلمان را دارد و نشان می‌دهد که تئوپلیتیک معاصر الزاماً به تئوکراسی رسمی منتهی نمی‌شود و می‌تواند شکل‌های ترکیبی و عمل‌گرایانه به خود بگیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| حکمرانی اسلامی؛ ترکیه؛ اردوغان؛ تئوپولتیک؛ تئوکراسی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| From Theocracy to Theopolitics: Examining Erdoğan’s Model of Islamic Governance in Turkey | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Esmail Baniadam1؛ Malek Zolghadr2 | ||
| 1PhD., Candidate, Department of International Relations, Faculty of Political Science, Za.C., Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran | ||
| 2Department of International Relations, Faculty of Political Science, Za.C., Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This study examines the relationship between Islam, political legitimacy, and state governance in contemporary Turkey under the leadership of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Over the past two decades, Erdoğan’s political discourse has increasingly incorporated Islamic symbols, ethical narratives, and references to Ottoman–Islamic heritage, leading some scholars and observers to interpret his governance as a shift toward Islamic theocracy. This study challenges this binary interpretation by examining whether the growing prominence of religion in political discourse has substantively transformed the institutional structure of the Turkish state or primarily represents a symbolic and discursive mode of political legitimation. It asks whether Erdoğan’s mobilization of Islamic imagery and moral rhetoric constitutes a move toward religious government or a strategic form of theopolitics operating within Turkey’s secular constitutional framework. The study adopts an interdisciplinary theoretical framework that combines theopolitics, Weberian legitimacy theory, and constructivist approaches to political meaning-making. The concept of theopolitics distinguishes the political mobilization of religious symbols and narratives from institutional theocracy, which entails the formal authority of religious institutions and the primacy of religious law. Methodologically, the study employs qualitative interpretive political analysis and critical discourse analysis. The empirical corpus comprises presidential speeches, policy statements, relevant institutional documents concerning religious affairs, and legal texts addressing the relationship between religion and the state. Data were selected through purposive sampling, with particular attention to instances in which Islamic references, identity narratives, and moral concepts were prominently articulated. The analysis examines how these discursive elements contribute to political legitimacy and national identity and shape policy narratives in areas such as social welfare, family policy, and foreign policy. The findings indicate that Erdoğan’s model of governance does not exhibit the institutional characteristics of an Islamic theocracy. Turkey’s state institutions continue to operate within a secular constitutional framework characterized by competitive elections and legal–rational bureaucratic authority. The institutional apparatus responsible for religious affairs functions primarily as a state-managed religious bureaucracy rather than an autonomous clerical institution with legislative or judicial authority. Nevertheless, Erdoğan systematically employs Islamic ethical concepts, religious symbolism, and Ottoman–Islamic historical references to construct political legitimacy, reinforce collective identity, and provide moral justification for political choices. These symbolic resources are particularly evident in narratives concerning national history, social solidarity, welfare provision, and Turkey’s role in the Muslim world. The findings further demonstrate that Erdoğan’s use of Islamic symbolism contributes to a hybrid form of political legitimation that combines legal–rational institutions, charismatic leadership, and cultural–religious identity. Although Islamic values influence political rhetoric and policy framing, they neither replace civil law nor establish religious authorities as independent centers of political or judicial power. Across policy domains, religious references primarily serve as sources of moral framing and cultural resonance, while policy formulation and implementation remain embedded in bureaucratic and legal procedures. Thus, the Turkish case illustrates that the increasing visibility of religious discourse does not, in itself, constitute evidence of a transition to theocracy. The study concludes that Erdoğan’s model is more accurately characterized as managed theopolitics than as Islamic theocracy. Religion operates as a symbolic and discursive resource for constructing legitimacy, shaping national identity, and framing political objectives, while the institutional foundations of the state remain substantially secular. The Turkish case therefore challenges the conventional binary between secularism and theocracy and demonstrates the possibility of a hybrid political configuration in which religious symbolism influences political culture and legitimation without fundamentally transforming the state’s constitutional and institutional structure. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Islamic governance, Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, theopolitics, theocracy, political legitimacy, secularism | ||
| مراجع | ||
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