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A Comparative Theological Analysis of the Jurisprudential-Legal Distinctions between Men and Women in the Qur'an and the Bible with Emphasis on the Anthropological Paradigm | ||
| Theosophia Islamica | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 26 مهر 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: Review Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22081/jti.2026.75906.1161 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| Hosein Nazari* | ||
| PhD in Islamic Theology, University of Tabriz; Level 4 Seminary Student, Khorasan Seminary. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 10 شهریور 1405، تاریخ بازنگری: 12 مهر 1405، تاریخ پذیرش: 26 مهر 1405 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| This study employs a comparative-theological analysis to uncover the theological and anthropological origins of jurisprudential differences between men and women in the Qur'an and the Bible. It systematically examines three core anthropological paradigms: cosmology (theology of creation), hamartiology (theology of sin), and legal identity (theology of personhood). The central research question asks why, despite sharing a common Abrahamic origin, these legal rulings diverge so markedly. The core hypothesis asserts that Sharia practically embodies a tradition's theological worldview, so jurisprudential divergences stem from fundamental discrepancies in these three foundational areas. Findings show that in the dominant Biblical reading, a "subsidiary ontology" (woman's creation from Adam's rib), a "woman-as-source-of-corruption" paradigm (Eve blamed for the fall), and a "subsidiary identity" (woman under male ownership) generate a legal system where woman is seen as lacking full legal capacity, inherently impure, and relegated to silence. In contrast, the Qur'an presents an "independent ontology" (creation from a single soul, nafs wahidah), a "shared responsibility" model (equality in error and repentance), and a "dignified identity" (autonomous legal personhood). This framework cultivates jurisprudence rooted in inherent dignity, justice, and active female participation in social and religious life. The study acknowledges internal critiques: feminist theology offers alternative readings within Christianity, while certain Islamic interpretations influenced by Isra'iliyyat require reevaluation. Ultimately, it concludes that these disparities are not superficial but deeply rooted in theological and anthropological convictions, originating from divergent views on woman's nature, status, and role within these scriptures. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Theological Anthropology, Comparative Jurisprudence, Women'؛ s Rights, Qur'؛ an, Old and New Testaments (Bible), Subsidiary Ontology | ||
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