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A Critical Examination of Criteria for Personhood During Pregnancy | ||
| Theosophia Islamica | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، اصلاح شده برای چاپ، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 17 آبان 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22081/jti.2026.74815.1132 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| Fatemeh Jamshidi | ||
| PhD in Philosophy and Theology (Specialization in Imamiyya Theology), University of Quran and Hadith , Qom, Iran | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 04 خرداد 1405، تاریخ بازنگری: 21 شهریور 1405، تاریخ پذیرش: 22 شهریور 1405 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| This article critically examines various criteria proposed for determining fetal "personhood" during pregnancy, a key issue in bioethics, philosophy of law, and theology. Using an analytical-critical approach, four main criteria are analyzed: viability, fetal movement, sentience, and human appearance. The findings indicate that each criterion faces fundamental challenges. The viability criterion heavily depends on medical technological advancements, making its threshold shift over time. The fetal movement criterion has highly variable timing based on maternal physiological factors and cannot provide an objective, universal basis. The sentience criterion faces scientific uncertainty regarding when the capacity to feel pain begins, and if strictly applied, might exclude some newborns or patients from personhood. The human appearance criterion rests on a superficial, relative, and discriminatory foundation that conflicts with common moral intuitions. This article argues that determining the precise moment of fetal personhood is a complex, multidimensional issue that cannot be resolved solely through one-dimensional biological or physical criteria. No single criterion adequately captures the moral and philosophical dimensions of personhood. Therefore, deeper reflection on philosophical, ethical, and legal foundations is required. A comprehensive and just definition of "person" must simultaneously consider fetal dignity, maternal rights and autonomy, and socio-cultural contexts, rather than relying on any isolated biological marker. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Personhood؛ Pregnancy؛ Viability؛ Fetal Movement؛ Sentience؛ Abortion | ||
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