آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 54 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 2,598 |
| تعداد مقالات | 36,984 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 17,447,973 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 7,919,616 |
Synergistic Analysis of Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil, Consultation, and Institutional Supervision in the Systemic Model of Oversight in Islamic Governance | ||
| Islamic Political Studies | ||
| دوره 7، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 13، مهر 2025، صفحه 157-176 اصل مقاله (866.48 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22081/jips.2025.79156 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| Seyyed Mohammad Reza Mousavian* | ||
| Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 28 آذر 1404، تاریخ پذیرش: 28 آذر 1404 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The primary objective of this study is to move beyond the prevailing isolated and fragmented analyses found in the literature on Islamic political thought and to develop a conceptual-systemic model that explains the mechanisms of supervision and accountability in Islamic governance. Although Islamic thought has introduced diverse supervisory instruments, such as enjoining good and forbidding evil, consultation (shūrā), and institutional supervision, existing studies have largely examined each of these instruments in isolation, thereby overlooking their organic interconnections. The present article seeks to fill this research gap. The central problem of this research is to demonstrate that these mechanisms are not separate and isolated elements, but rather interconnected components of a unified and synergistic supervisory ecosystem designed to restrain political power. In other words, the main question is how, through a functional and systemic analysis of these doctrines, a comprehensive, multi-layered model can be developed that illustrates the evolutionary process of supervision—from a cultural-social foundation to a formalized political-institutional structure. To address this problem, the article employs a conceptual and documentary analysis methodology. In this approach, the key concepts (enjoining good and forbidding evil, consultation, and institutional supervision) are first reduced to their fundamental supervisory functions. Subsequently, by referring to religious texts and Islamic sources, their mutual relationships and operational mechanisms are extracted and formulated within a coherent systemic model. The findings of the research culminate in the presentation of a dynamic three-layered model for supervision. The foundational layer of this model is general supervisory culture, which, through the religious obligation of enjoining good and forbidding evil, institutionalizes public accountability and the demand for transparency throughout society, thereby generating the social capital necessary for effective oversight. The intermediate layer is participatory ex-ante supervision, which, by means of the consultation mechanism, channels supervisory culture into macro-level decision-making processes and, by making policymaking transparent, prevents arbitrary rule and autocratic decision-making. The final layer of the model is ex-post supervisory structure, which, through specialized and legal institutional bodies, evaluates the performance of rulers after actions have been taken and ensures effective legal accountability. One of the most important and key findings of this research is the explication of the synergistic interaction and cyclical reinforcement among these three layers. The analysis demonstrates that a strong supervisory culture leads to more effective consultative councils; transparent councils, in turn, provide the tools and information required for effective institutional oversight; and finally, efficient institutional supervision – by fostering a sense of accountability among rulers – once again strengthens the general supervisory culture, thereby creating a virtuous cycle of transparency and accountability. By linking individual responsibility, collective wisdom, and structured control, this model delineates a comprehensive supervisory system that encompasses both horizontal (people-centered) and vertical (institution-centered) oversight, ultimately offering an effective framework for realizing desirable Islamic governance. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Islamic governance؛ supervision and accountability؛ systemic model؛ enjoining good and forbidding evil؛ consultation (shūrā)؛ institutional supervision. | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
The Holy Quran.
Nahj al-Balagha.
Amid Zanjani, A. A. (2005). Political jurisprudence (Vol. 1, p. 466). Tehran, Iran: Amirkabir. [In Persian]
Amidī, ʿA. (1987). Ghurar al-ḥikam wa-durar al-kalim. Qom: Islamic Propagation Office. [In Arabic]
Ansārī, M. (1998). Farāʾid al-uṣūl (Vol. 1). Qom: Majlisī. [In Persian]
Barqī, A.b.M. (1951). Al-Maḥāsin (2nd ed.). Qom: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya. [In Arabic]
Fadlallah, M. H. (1998). Tafsīr min waḥy al-Qurʾān (2nd ed., Vol. 20). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Malak. [In Arabic]
Ghazavi, H. (2013). The council in Islam and the position of the people in the Islamic Republic of Iran system. Tehran, Iran: Islamic Revolution Research. [In Persian]
Gorji, A. (2016). Rulings on enjoining good and forbidding evil. Qom, Iran: Ma’arif Publication Office. [In Persian]
Hosseini, A., & Rakhshandehnia, A. (2012). Enjoining good and forbidding evil from the perspective of religion. Interdisciplinary Qur’anic Studies, 3(1), pp. 15–23. [In Persian]
Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, M.b.Ḥ. (1990). Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa (Vol. 16, 11, 8). Qom: Golestaneh Publishing. [In Arabic]
Ibn Shuʿba al-Ḥarrānī, Ḥ.b.ʿA. (1965). Tuḥaf al-ʿuqūl ʿan Āl al-Rasūl (A. A. Ghaffari, Ed.). Tehran: Kitābfurūshī-yi Islāmiyya. [In Arabic]
Khamenei, S. A. (2012, October 10). Statements in the meeting with scholars and clerics of North Khorasan. URL= https://farsi.khamenei.ir/speech-content?id=21151 [In Persian] Khamenei, S. A. (2024, April 8). Statements in the Ramadan meeting with students. URL= https://farsi.khamenei.ir/speech-content?id=56000 [In Persian]
Khomeini, R. (2000). Taḥrīr al-wasīla (Vols. 2). Tehran, Iran: Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini’s Works. [In Arabic]
Kulaynī, M.b.Y. (1986). Al-Kāfī (vol. 5; 4th ed.). Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al- Islāmiyya. [In Arabic]
Mir-Ali, M. A. (2006). The position of council in the system of religious democracy. Qom, Iran: Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute. [In Persian]
Mirza Mohammad, A. R. (2010). Principles and foundations of council from the perspective of Imam Ali (AS). Alavi Research Journal, 1(2), pp. 121–150. [In Persian]
Montazer Ghaem, M. (2022). Hadith-based evidence for the legitimacy of the people enjoining and forbidding rulers. Religious Research, no. 45. [In Persian]
Montazeri, H. A. (1988). Dirāsāt fī wilāyat al-faqīh wa-fiqh al-dawlat al-Islāmiyya [Studies in the guardianship of the jurist and the jurisprudence of the Islamic state] (Vols. 1–4). Qom, Iran: n.p. [In Arabic]
Mostafapour, M. R. (2007). The scope of council in Islamic sources. Pasdar-e Islam, no. 305. [In Persian]
Motahari, M. (n.d.). Collected works (Vol. 17). Tehran, Iran: Sadra. [In Persian]
Mufīd, M.b.M. (1992). Al-Muqniʿa. Qom: Shaykh Mufīd Congress. [In Arabic]
Najafi, M. J., Mofatteh, M. H., & Movahedi Savoji, M. H. (2017). Rights of critics from the viewpoint of Islam, international law, and Iranian laws. Comparative Law Review. URL= https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/magazine/1045 [In Persian]
Qutb, S. (1991). Fī ẓilāl al-Qurʾān (17th ed., Vol. 1). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Shorouq. [In Arabic]
Shafiei, M. (2023). Political rights of the people from the perspective of the Quran and hadith. Qom, Iran: Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture. [In Persian] Soroush Mahallati, M. (1999). The Assembly of Experts and supervision. Islamic Government, no. 14. [In Persian]
Tabatabai, S. M. H. (1997). Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān (vol. 3; 5th ed.). Qom, Iran: Islamic Publications of the Society of Seminary Teachers. [In Arabic]
Ṭabrisī, F.b.Ḥ. (1993). Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān (Vol. 3). Tehran: Nāṣir Khusraw. [In Arabic]
Taleghani, S. M. (1983). A ray from the Quran (vol. 5; 4th ed.). Tehran, Iran: Enteshar Corporation. [In Persian]
Ṭūsī, M.b.Ḥ. (1986). Tahdhīb al-aḥkām (4th ed., Vol. 6). Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya. [In Arabic] Varaei, J. (1999). Supervision of political power in the thought of Imam Khomeini. Qom, Iran: Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini’s Works. [In Persian]
Wāqidī, M.b.ʿU. (1982). Maghāzī: Tārīkh-i jang-hā-yi Payāmbar (M. Mahdavi Damghani, Trans.). Tehran: Markaz-i Nashr-i Dānishgāhī. [In Persian]
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 70 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 44 |
||